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The influence of Nb on tensile properties at room temperature and 650?? as well as the effects of Nb on stress rupture properties at 650??/690MPa of GH4169 alloy with standard heat treatment (STD) and direct aging heat treatment (DA) were investigated. Microstructure and thermodynamic calculation were also undertaken. The results show that as Nb content increases from 5??2% to 5??4% (mass percent), the mass fraction of strengthening phases in the alloy as DA increases, and the strength also improves obviously at room temperature and 650?? while the strength decreases when Nb content reaches 5??6%. At the same solution temperature, the increase of Nb content will promote the mass fraction of ?? phase in the alloy as STD, but the effect on the mass fraction of strengthening phases is not so apparent as the DA state, and the extent of strength promotion is small. The stress rupture life of the alloy as DA improves with the increasing of Nb content, and remains nearly unchanged after Nb content reaches 5??6%. Whereas when Nb content rises to 5??6%, the change of ?? phase??s amount and morphology in the alloy as STD may result in significant decrease of the stress rupture life.     

GH1131合金热处理制度的研究

通过对GH1131合金经不同固溶温度处理后组织的观察 ,分析研究了合金的再结晶过程 ,并确定该合金的热处理温度的范围 ,得出将温度控制在 1140± 10℃时可保证良好的综合性能。     

改型的GH4145镍基合金

为了提高改型的ＧＨ４１４５合金的中温塑韧性，消除缺口敏感性，研究了不同热处理工艺对合金性能的影响。结果表明，在适当的热处理条件下，改型的ＧＨ４１４５合金在５００￣７００℃区的塑性得到改善，并且消除了缺口敏感性，达到了汽轮机紧固件用材料的技术要求。     

Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially POPs categorized as organohalogen contaminants (OHCs). OHCs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. For example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated PCBs, DDTs and CHLs) and emerging (e.g., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) found in Arctic biota and humans. Of high concern are the potential biological effects of these contaminants in exposed Arctic wildlife and fish. As concluded in the last review in 2004 for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) on the effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife, prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological effects in relation to OHC exposure, and attempts to assess known tissue/body compartment concentration data in the context of possible threshold levels of effects to evaluate the risks. This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds (e.g., glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), polar (Arctic) fox (Vulpes lagopus), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), as well as semi-captive studies on sled dogs (Canis familiaris). Regardless, there remains a dearth of data on true contaminant exposure, cause-effect relationships with respect to these contaminant exposures in Arctic wildlife and fish. Indications of exposure effects are largely based on correlations between biomarker endpoints (e.g., biochemical processes related to the immune and endocrine system, pathological changes in tissues and reproduction and development) and tissue residue levels of OHCs (e.g., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, PBDEs and in a few cases perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs)). Some exceptions include semi-field studies on comparative contaminant effects of control and exposed cohorts of captive Greenland sled dogs, and performance studies mimicking environmentally relevant PCB concentrations in Arctic charr. Recent tissue concentrations in several arctic marine mammal species and populations exceed a general threshold level of concern of 1 part-per-million (ppm), but a clear evidence of a POP/OHC-related stress in these populations remains to be confirmed. There remains minimal evidence that OHCs are having widespread effects on the health of Arctic organisms, with the possible exception of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears and Svalbard glaucous gulls. However, the true (if any real) effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife have to be put into the context of other environmental, ecological and physiological stressors (both anthropogenic and natural) that render an overall complex picture. For instance, seasonal changes in food intake and corresponding cycles of fattening and emaciation seen in Arctic animals can modify contaminant tissue distribution and toxicokinetics (contaminant deposition, metabolism and depuration). Also, other factors, including impact of climate change (seasonal ice and temperature changes, and connection to food web changes, nutrition, etc. in exposed biota), disease, species invasion and the connection to disease resistance will impact toxicant exposure. Overall, further research and better understanding of POP/OHC impact on animal performance in Arctic biota are recommended. Regardless, it could be argued that Arctic wildlife and fish at the highest potential risk of POP/OHC exposure and mediated effects are East Greenland, Svalbard and (West and South) Hudson Bay polar bears, Alaskan and Northern Norway killer whales, several species of gulls and other seabirds from the Svalbard area, Northern Norway, East Greenland, the Kara Sea and/or the Canadian central high Arctic, East Greenland ringed seal and a few populations of Arctic charr and Greenland shark.     

大尺寸GH4742合金铸锭夹杂物及析出相分布特征

为明确大尺寸GH4742合金铸态组织中析出相和夹杂物的分布特征,采用扫描电子显微镜、金相分析及电解腐蚀等方法,分析了φ660 mm锭型GH4742合金中夹杂物和析出相的组成、形貌及数量.结果 显示,合金铸锭中的夹杂物主要有SiO2、CaO、Al2O3-SiO2、CaO-SiO2及碳氮化物.合金中夹杂物数量密度为14.7...     

GH132合金的循环蠕变

研究了ＧＨ１３２（Ｆｅ－２５Ｎｉ－１５Ｃｒ基）合金在７７３Ｋ，应力幅８６２ＭＰａ和９２３Ｋ，应力幅５１０ＭＰａ实验条件下循环蠕变行为，实验结果表明，在两种实验条件下随着循环周期的缩短，断裂寿命延长而包迹稳态蠕变速率减小，断裂指数和归一化处理后近似地满足线性损伤规律，根据扫描电镜和透射电镜观察，对该合金的循环蠕变行为进行了分析。     

GH909合金喷丸强化残余应力场的研究

研究了GH909合金不同喷丸强化工艺下的残余应力场和残余应力在550℃的松驰情况，总结了喷丸强化所获得的残余应力场特性。结果表明，GH909合金经适当喷丸强化后获得的有益残余压应力场可改善其疲劳性能。     

Effect of Phosphorus on Stress Rupture Properties of GH4133 Ni—Base Superalloy

The effect of phosphorus on the stress rupture property of GH4133 alloy has been investigated and is compared with that of IN718 alloy. The GH4133 alloy is crept by dislocation movement. Phosphorus has a tendency to prolong the rupture life of some wrought superalloys by inhibiting the dislocation movement. If the phosphorus addition is too high, its effect on impairing the grain boundary cohesion overwhelms that on inhibiting the dislocation movement,and the life of the GH4133 alloy can be shortened. The two functions of inhibiting the dislocation movement and impairing the grain boundary cohesion determine that the optimum phosphorus content in the GH4133 alloy is around 0.011 wt pct. Phosphorus exhibits a greater effect on prolonging the rupture life of IN718 alloy than that of GH4133 alloy. The two alloys are crept by different mechanisms. The intergranular phosphorus-bearing phase is precipitated in the IN718 alloy, while not in the GH4133 alloy. The precipitation of the phosphorus bearing phase can balance the phosphorus segregation at the grain boundaries and allows a more remarkable effect of phosphorus on extending the rupture life of IN718 alloy.     

原位拉伸法研究GH3625合金退火孪晶界稳定性及断裂行为

孪晶界作为低能稳定界面易在低层错能金属中被调控而成为近年来研究的热点。固溶态GH3625合金组织中含有大量退火孪晶组织。本实验采用室温原位拉伸结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和能谱(EDS)分析的方法研究了固溶态GH3625合金中孪晶组织演变及断裂行为。结果表明,GH3625合金在原位拉伸变形过程中,孪晶组织内部主要以单滑移为主;在拉伸直至断裂的过程中,随变形量的增加,孪晶界逐渐发生弯曲,但孪晶界始终存在于合金组织中,起阻碍位错的作用,具有良好的室温机械稳定性。GH3625合金断裂时既有韧性断裂又有脆性断裂,碳化物偏析是造成晶界裂纹以及晶内孔洞形成的主要原因。     

GH4169D合金电子束焊接接头显微组织和持久断裂特征

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了GH4169D合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织,利用显微硬度计测试了母材、热影响区和焊缝的显微硬度,采用体式显微镜和扫描电镜研究了焊接接头持久断裂特征。结果表明,GH4169D母材中的主要析出相为1~20μm长的片层状晶界η相、30~80 nm的颗粒状γ′相和少量的碳氮化物。热影响区中的主要析出相为10~20 nm的颗粒状γ′相,几乎没有晶界η相。焊缝中为枝晶组织,枝晶间存在含有共晶组织的白色析出相,析出相尺寸为2~6μm,枝晶杆中含有10 nm以下的细小颗粒状γ′相。母材的显微硬度低于热影响区和焊缝,不同区域的显微硬度主要受γ′相尺寸的影响。焊接接头的持久断裂过程包括蠕变裂纹扩展、快速扩展和瞬断3个阶段,蠕变裂纹扩展区中为沿晶断裂,快速扩展区中为沿晶和穿晶混合断裂,瞬断区为穿晶断裂。蠕变裂纹扩展起始于试样表面的热影响区,热影响区中晶界η相含量低和裂纹尖端晶界氧化是导致焊接接头持久性能低于母材的主要原因。